Carlos Daffara: "Open Source Contribution to Europe's economy: 450 billion euros"

According to Open Source researcher Carlos Daffara, the savings associated to the use of Open Source in Europe, taking into account all advantages provided, rises to 450 billion euro.
Directly using Open Source software solutions means reducing costs up to 114 billion euro.
Moreover direct costs, other aspects, such as reduction of project failures, as well as reduction of code maintenance, mean savings, from Daffara's point of view, up to 342 billion euro.

From Daffara's point of view, applying macroeconomic estimation and data from code reuse, up to 35% percent of the software used in the past five years is directly or indirectly related to Open Source software.
Meanwhile, it seems that Daffara's numbers are not far from another industry groups and analysts estimations, that consider savings aroung 374 billion and 399 billion euro.

References:
[1] https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/news/contribution-open-source-europes-economy-450-billion-year