This comparison, which has been performed since 2006, also shows the programming language ranking on the year before, as well as a graphic to show the progress and the percentage of usage.
Updated once a month, TIOBE ratings index does not define the programming language popularity in terms of lines of code. Indeed, it considers:
- The number of skilled engineers world-wide
- Courses
- Third-party vendors
To do so, the search of each of the programming languages is performed on the most known search engines, as well as on social media websites:
- Bing
- Yahoo!
- Wikipedia
- Youtube
- Baidu
- etc.
In particular, the index of October 2013 has been split in this basis [2]:
- Google: 7%
- YouTube: 7%
- Baidu: 7%
- Wikipedia: 7%
- Amazon: 6%
- Blogger: 6%
- Google India: 6%
- Yahoo! Japan: 5%
- Bing: 5%
- Hao123: 5%
- Google Germany: 5%
- EBay: 4%
- Google United Kingdom: 4%
- Google France: 4%
- Google Brazil: 3%
- Google Japan: 3%
- Google Italy: 3%
- Google Spain: 3%
- 360 (so.com): 2%
- BBC: 2%
- Google Mexico: 2%
- Amazon Japan: 1%
- Google Canada: 1%
- Alibaba: 1%
- Huffington Post: 1%
- Amazon Germany: 1%
Once clarified how TIOBE performs the rankings, it is time to show the TIOBE ranking index for October 2013 [1]:
| Position Oct 2013 | Position Oct 2012 | Delta in Position | Programming Language | Ratings Oct 2013 | Delta Oct 2012 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |  | C | 17.246% | -2.58% | A |
| 2 | 2 | | Java | 16.107% | -1.09% | A |
| 3 | 3 | | Objective-C | 8.992% | -0.49% | A |
| 4 | 4 | | C++ | 8.664% | -0.60% | A |
| 5 | 6 |  | PHP | 6.094% | +0.43% | A |
| 6 | 5 |  | C# | 5.718% | -0.81% | A |
| 7 | 7 | | (Visual) Basic | 4.819% | -0.30% | A |
| 8 | 8 | | Python | 3.107% | -0.79% | A |
| 9 | 23 | | Transact-SQL | 2.621% | +2.13% | A |
| 10 | 11 | | JavaScript | 2.038% | +0.78% | A |
| 11 | 18 | | Visual Basic .NET | 1.933% | +1.33% | A |
| 12 | 9 | | Perl | 1.607% | -0.52% | A |
| 13 | 10 | | Ruby | 1.246% | -0.56% | A |
| 14 | 14 | | Pascal | 0.753% | -0.09% | A |
| 15 | 17 | | PL/SQL | 0.730% | +0.10% | A |
| 16 | 13 | | Lisp | 0.725% | -0.22% | A |
| 17 | 12 | | Delphi/Object Pascal | 0.701% | -0.40% | A |
| 18 | 53 | | Groovy | 0.658% | +0.53% | B |
| 19 | 19 | | MATLAB | 0.614% | +0.02% | B |
| 20 | 26 | | COBOL | 0.599% | +0.15% | B |
Having a glance to the previous table, some conclusions can be take:
- Regarding most used programming languages, there are not much changes in the first places. C, Java, Objective-C (pushed by its use on applications development for IOS) and C++ continue on the first places.
- Meanwhile, PHP has increased in one position (6th to 5th position), changing its position with C#, which decrease from the 5th to the 6th position.
- Basic/Visual Basic as well as Python keep their position (7th and 8th respectively) compared to October 2012 ranking.
- The most strong appearance in the top 10 position occurs with Transact/SQL, which is a proprietary extension to SQL developed by Microsoft and Sybase, appearing on the 9th position, what means an increase of 14 positions compared to October 2012 ranking.
- Javascript increases a position, maybe influenced by the increasing popularity of the JQuery library.
- Visual Basic.NET appears also as one of the most increasing used programming languages, rising from 18th to 11th position.
- Among the loosing popularity languages, some of the languages found are Perl, Ruby, Lisp and Delphi/Object Pascal.
- PL/SQL continues to increase its popularity from 17th to 15th position, seeming not to be influenced by the increase of Transact-SQL.
- Groovy is, obviously, the most rising programming language in the 20th first position, increasing from 53th to 18th position. This object-oriented language, which can be considered a subset of Java that is easier to program and to execute, is increasing its popularity due to the Groovy and Grails web framework, and the strong bid that Spring Software is doing to it.
Another interesting graphic provided by TIOBE is the top 10 programming languages evolution through last years (2001 to nowadays):
This graphic shows how Java continues its decreasing progress, and how exchanges its position with C on the top of the ranking. It is somehow interesting, that, despite of the success of Android platform, Java does not change its progress, at least from this ranking perspective.
It is also a fact that, the rest of programming languages, apart from Transact-SQL and Objective-C, continue to be somehow stable on their position, and always, all of them far from Java and C.
Last, but not least, TIOBE includes the list of the next 30th most used programming languages [1], with other very popular languages as GNU R, SAS, Ada, Fortran, Bash, ABAP, Tcl, Haskell or ActionScript:
| Position | Programming Language | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | R | 0.553% |
| 22 | SAS | 0.543% |
| 23 | Ada | 0.510% |
| 24 | F# | 0.499% |
| 25 | Fortran | 0.474% |
| 26 | Assembly | 0.471% |
| 27 | Bash | 0.470% |
| 28 | Ladder Logic | 0.457% |
| 29 | Logo | 0.433% |
| 30 | Lua | 0.413% |
| 31 | ABAP | 0.394% |
| 32 | C shell | 0.382% |
| 33 | Common Lisp | 0.380% |
| 34 | NXT-G | 0.366% |
| 35 | Scheme | 0.360% |
| 36 | Scala | 0.345% |
| 37 | D | 0.337% |
| 38 | Prolog | 0.328% |
| 39 | RPG (OS/400) | 0.319% |
| 40 | PostScript | 0.312% |
| 41 | JavaFX Script | 0.297% |
| 42 | Tcl | 0.294% |
| 43 | Erlang | 0.292% |
| 44 | Max/MSP | 0.276% |
| 45 | Scratch | 0.270% |
| 46 | Haskell | 0.245% |
| 47 | ML | 0.245% |
| 48 | PL/I | 0.240% |
| 49 | ActionScript | 0.215% |
| 50 | Emacs Lisp | 0.210% |
To conclude, just clarify that TIOBE ranking index is just an index with a particular calculation performed by this company. However, other measures could have been included in order to make this ranking more accurate, such as:
1 - lines of code in the most used Source Forges (Github, Bitbucket, SourceForge, GoogleCode)
2 - LinkedIn programming languages groups
3 - Support mailing lists activities
... and many other.
So, apart from being a good thermometer, this ranking should be observed with certain precautions, and not being considered as the definitive state of art around programming languages being used.
Original source: http://www.tiobe.com
References:
[1] http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html
[2] http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/tpci_definition.htm
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