sábado, 29 de septiembre de 2012

Free Software vs Open Source. Licenses.

OSI maintains a list of software licenses recognized as conformat with their definition of “open source software”. FSF maintains a list of software licenses recognized as conformant with their definition of “free software”.

Analysing both list is desirable, focusing on the differences, and trying to know whether they correspond with licenses that were not analysed by one of the two bodies, or if they have been rejected as not conformant with their definition.

Common licenses: (Considered both Free Software and Open Source Software by FSF and OSI)
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Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL-3.0)
Affero GNU Public License: See "GNU Affero General Public License 3.0 (AGPL-3.0)"
Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0)
Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0)
Artistic license 2.0 (Artistic-2.0)
Berkeley Database License / Sleepycat License (Sleepycat)
Boost Software License (BSL-1.0)
Common Development and Distribution License 1.0 (CDDL-1.0)
Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL-1.0)
Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0)
Educational Community License, Version 2.0 (ECL-2.0)
Eiffel Forum License V2.0 (EFL-2.0)
EU DataGrid Software License (EUDatagrid)
European Union Public License, Version 1.1 (EUPL-1.1) (links to every language's version on their site)
Expat License / MIT license (MIT)
GNU Affero General Public License v3 (AGPL-3.0)
GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2.0)
GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPL-3.0)
GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1)
GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0)
IBM Public License 1.0 (IPL-1.0)
ISC License (ISC)
LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c (LPPL-1.3c)
License of Python 2.0.1, 2.1.1, and newer versions /
  Python License (Python-2.0) (overall Python license)
Lucent Public License Version 1.02 (LPL-1.02)
Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL)
Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)
Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL-2.0)
NCSA / University of Illinois Open Source License
Nokia Open Source License (Nokia)
Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1)
Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)
PHP License 3.0 (PHP-3.0)
Q Public License (QPL-1.0)
RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0 (RPSL-1.0)
Sun Public License 1.0 (SPL-1.0)
W3C License (W3C)
Zope Public License 2.0 (ZPL-2.0)
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Licenses only considered as Free Software by FSF:
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Apache License, Version 1.0
Apache License, Version 1.1
BitTorrent Open Source License
CC0
CeCILL version 2
Common Public License Version 1.0 (*1)
Condor Public License
Cryptix General License
eCos license version 2.0
FreeBSD license
Freetype Project License
GNU All-Permissive License
Independent JPEG Group License
Intel Open Source License (*1)
Jabber Open Source License, Version 1.0 (*1)
LaTeX Project Public License 1.2
License of the ec fonts for LaTeX
License of imlib2
License of Netscape JavaScript
License of Perl 5 and below
License of Python 1.6a2 and earlier versions
License of Python 1.6b1 through 2.0 and 2.1
License of Ruby
License of the iMatix Standard Function Library
License of Vim, Version 6.1 or later
License of WebM
License of xinetd
License of ZLib
Modified BSD license
Netizen Open Source License (NOSL), Version 1.0
Old OpenLDAP License, Version 2.3
OpenLDAP License, Version 2.7
OpenSSL license
Original BSD license
Public Domain
Sun Industry Standards Source License 1.0 (*1)
The Clear BSD License
The Unlicense
Unicode, Inc. License Agreement for Data Files and Software
WTFPL, Version 2
X11 License
XFree86 1.1 License
Yahoo! Public License 1.1
Zend License, Version 2.0
Zimbra Public License 1.3
Zope Public License version 1
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Licenses only considered as Open Source Software by OSI:
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Adaptive Public License (APL-1.0)
Attribution Assurance Licenses (AAL)
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License (BSD-3-Clause)
BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" License (BSD-2-Clause)
Computer Associates Trusted Open Source License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1)
CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 (CUA-OPL-1.0)
Entessa Public License (Entessa)
Fair License (FAIR)
Frameworx License (Frameworx-1.0)
Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer (HPND)
IPA Font License (IPA)
MirOS Licence (MirOS)
Motosoto License (Motosoto)
Multics License (Multics)
NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 (NASA 1.3) (*2)
NTP License (NTP)
Naumen Public License (Naumen)
Nethack General Public License (NGPL)
Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (NPOSL-3.0)
OCLC Research Public License 2.0 (OCLC-2.0)
Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL)
The PostgreSQL License (PostgreSQL)
CNRI Python license (CNRI-Python) (CNRI portion of Python License)
Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5)  (*2)
Ricoh Source Code Public License (RSCPL)
Simple Public License 2.0 (SimPL-2.0)
Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 (Watcom-1.0) (*2)
Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0)
wxWindows Library License (WXwindows)
X.Net License (Xnet)
zlib/libpng license (Zlib)
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(*1) : They are considered superceeded in OSI, or the author has retired them.
(*2) : Considered as not free software license by FSF.

Mainly, all differences are because the fact that the other organization has not analyzed the license in particular.

EXCEPTIONS:
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On the one hand, next licenses, considered as "No Free Software" license by FSF:
- NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 (NASA 1.3):
  The NASA Open Source Agreement, version 1.3, is not a free software license because it includes a provision requiring changes to be your “original creation”. Free software development depends on combining code from third parties, and the NASA license doesn't permit this.
- Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5):
  The Reciprocal Public License is a nonfree license because of three problems.
  1. It puts limits on prices charged for an initial copy.
  2. It requires notification of the original developer for publication of a modified version.
  3. It requires publication of any modified version that an organization uses, even privately.
- Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 (Watcom-1.0):
  This is not a free software license. It requires you to publish the source code publicly whenever you “Deploy” the covered software, and “Deploy” is defined to include many kinds of private use.

On the other hand, next licenses, as stated before, appear on FSF, but are considered superseeded in OSI:
- Common Public License Version 1.0
- Jabber Open Source License Version 1.0
- Sun Industry Standards Source License 1.0
- There is an aditional exception, which is Public Domain. OSI explains on next link:
  "http://opensource.org/faq#public-domain"
that Public Domain is, for practical purposes, Open Source. It states that:
'"Public domain" is a technical term in copyright law that refers to works not under copyright .... Not all jurisdictions have a public domain, and it doesn't always mean exactly the same thing in the jurisdictions that do have it.'
They recommend, basically, to better apply an approved Open Source license to software being released.

To which extent these differences are important or not (in terms of how similar the interpretation of both bodies is of “open source software” and “free software”) ?  Basically, the list of common licenses is big enough to ensure that, nearly in 90% (6/44) of the cases, a license that is open source software is also free software.
  Moreover this, there are a lot of licenses that have not been analysed by both organizations, but that will surely hint or not the category of Free Software or Open Source software simultaneously.
  So, apart from those estrange cases where FSF and OSI states that some licenses analysed by both are Free Software but not Open Source Software or vice versa, differences are not that important, and classification of licenses is very similar by both organizations.

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